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.JJ. m. NEWMAN PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING [WATCHES Filed Nov. 2, 1921 4- Sheets-Sheet 1 J. NEWMAN PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING MATCHES Filed Nov. 2, 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 J. G. NIEMN PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING MATCHES Filed Nov, 2, 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 J. G. NEWMAN! PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING MATCHES Filed Nov. 2, 192]. 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 ll l roan anmv i i I111,

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tanner" st lPltUtIlIliAA Al l'l) APPARATUS lliUlf-t hlllAhl' UhAfl ll Ullltllii AAATEHEA.

Application tiled November To all whom it may co /teem:

Be it lrnown that l, Jorrn GIJEN hlnwirAN, subject of the lliing of Great Britain and llreland, residing at all) Jeffrey Street, Mil;

r sons Point, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, have invented certain new and useful -improvements in Processesand Apparatus for Manufacturing Matches (for which l have filed an a plication in Australia, hlo. 1874M), dated hov. 15, 1920), of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to apparatus for maliing matches which are headed with a frictionally ignitible substance and havefor their stems or body portions strips of stout paper, thin slivers or veneers of wood, or like strips of other, inflammable material. The match bodies are headed on one side only, and the heading composition is extended from edge to edge of the strip, and is crowned to form a strilring place of limited area, and it is also preferably brought up to the top edge of the strip.

The matches are manufactured by applying the heading composition to acontinuous ribbon of body material and subsequent lslitting this ribbon transversely to form the individual strip matches, leaving an uncut stub to facilitate binding of cards of matches in a satchet from which individual matches may be detached as required. The crown is obtained by upwardly embossing the body substance of the match below the head, or by applying a spot of heading or priming substance upon the head-proper, or by so applying the heading composition that it will have a ridge upon it, or by notching the top edgeof the-match body and tipping the points. The heading composition used is prepared according to any proved formula-of which many are lrnown--for the heading of safe ty match splints, and similarly the rubber composition is made according to any proved formula for safety match rubbers. The body material of the matches is also impregtlli being drawn off the reel.

2, 1921. Serial lilo. hld llfill,

hated with a known solution commonly parafiin war: or lilre greasy material for augmenting its burning quality and proof-- ing'it against injury by damp.

in the accompanying drawings, Figs. l, 1*, 1 1 and i read serially and form in effect one figure showing the complete apparatus in longitudinal sectional elevation, the portion shown in Fig.1 being to however shown perspectively to facilitate explanation lfig. 2 is a plan view of a slitted card of matches ready for binding in a satchet or similarly;

Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation through the machine for crowning the match heads by spotting them," 3 I Figs. 4 to ill are perspective sectional elevational views of various fee of matches within the invention; and

Figs. 12, to 16 are sectional views of matches during course of manufacture,- these figures being related by direction lines to the place respectively where they belong 7 in the machine.

Fig 18 is a plan of an apparatus by which the wood sliver is notched by a hot-toothed wheel, and

Fig. 19 is a erspective detail of a portion of the notche ribbon,

A stoclr ribbon of heavy paper or thin wood sliver 20 is wound on a stock reel 21 and said reel is fitted with usual means for braking its rotation so as to maintain the ribbon 20 under slight tension whilst 22 is a rider roller sustained on an arm 23 supported by a spring 2a to hold the uncoiling ribbon 20 up towards the drum so as to prevent loosening of the ribbon in the uncoiling process. The ribbon passes between the carrier and jockey rollers at 25 over a table 26. Below a cavity 27 in this table a pin ltllll drum 28 is mounted on an horizontal shaft 29. This drum is driven by a belt diagrammatically indicated by the dotted line 30, said belt being in turn driven by any appropriate motive power.

The direction of rotation of the'pin drum 28 is shown by the arrow thereon. Near each end of the roller, pin teeth 31 on its periphery, project above the surface level of the table 26. An embossing roller 32 is mounted above the table 26 parallel with and in vertical relation to the pin drum 28 and spur-geared thereto. On its riphery small pockets 33 are formed to register with the pin teeth 31. The axle of the roller 32 is carried in a riding yoke 34 which is held down by a spring 35,36 being a screw for regulating the tension of the spring 35. The stock ribbon 20 in passing between the rollers 28 and 32 is embossed near each of its edges; the pin teeth 31 forcing up the material into the pockets 33 in the roller 32 so that when the ribbon 20 has passed jacket 39 having suitable steam and exhaust bon 20 near one edge of it.

pipe connections thereinto, and at the foot it is provided with a throat valve 40. The valve 40 controls the area of the orifice at the foot of the hopper 38. 41 are stirrers driven by gearing 42 for maintaining the com osition mixture uniform in density. The hea ing composition which is a viscous fluid 'mixture,is charged into the hopper 38 and maintained in a warm condition by. the steamjacket, and as the ribbon 20 passes under the mouth of the hopper below the valve 40, heading composition flows on to the rib- This streak of heading composition is contained between two fences, one of which is a ledge on the table bed against which one edge of the ribbon runs, and the other, 49, is located at the other side of the hopper foot and sets close down on the top surface of the ribbon 20.

A section of the ribbon after it passes under the hopper 38 is shown in Fig. 14, where it will be seen a streak 46'of heading composition is applied immediately over the line of embossments 43, extending from a little below said embossments to the edge 47 of the strip 20. this edge forming the top end of the finished match at the conclusion of the manufacture. The next section (Fig. 15) shows the streak 46 lying flat between the embossments 43 but projecting above the fiat level where it over-lies the embossments. 51 is the crown of the surfacing which is produced by the spreading of the surfacing composition over the embossments 43.

52 is a drying oven, the temperature of which is maintained by gas fires 53 in a jacket chamber 54 enclosing the drying chamber 55. In the course of the ribbon through the drying chamber 55 the streak of surfacing 46 upon it is dried out and set.

Upon passing out of the oven chamber 55,

the ribbon 20 is held down to the table 26 by a jockey roller 56 carried by a spring loaded arm 57. The surfaced strip thence passes through the waxing machine. This machine contains two troughs 59 and 140 in which paraflin wax or other suitable greasy impregnating material is contained. 60 are gas burners set below these troughs to maintain the wax in a warm fluid condition. A roller 61 covered with felt 62 is mounted on a driven spindle 63 and runs in the molten wax in the trough 59. A roller 141 is geared to the roller 61 and is carried on floating bearings so as to bear its weight towards the roller 61. Over the roller 141 passes a continuous cloth or tape belt 142; this belt runs over guide rollers 143, and over a dipper roller 144, which like the roller 61 is mounted for free rotation to work in the molten wax in the trough 140. The belt 142 and the face of the roller 61 grip the paper strip gently but sufficiently tightly to draw it along the table when the rollers are rotated. In passing between the roller 61 and the belt 142 the paper strip is coated with a thin film of wax on both sides of it for the desired width between the two rows of embossments 43, 44, and approaching the embossments 43. The ribbon position is determined by the sprocket drives, the drive applied by the roller 61 and belt 142 being a slipping drive. In an exaggerated section the surfaces of waxy material applied to the strip 20 are shown at 67 in Fig. 15. Beyond the trough 59, the strip 20 is drawn along the table 26 by the sprocket .rollers 68, the jockey roller 69 which is carried in floating bearings serving to hold the strip 20 in working contact therewith. Two rows of sprockets 70 'on the roller 68 engage the embossments 43 and 44 respectively. The headed portion of the strip 20 is not crushed or deformed at any stage in the process the jockey roller being finished to offer the necessary clearance. A regular continuous feed of the ribbon is thus maintained through the machine.

The sprocket roller 68 is timed so that, through it, progressive motion at the same rate as before is applied to the ribbon 20. Fig. 16 shows the section of the ribbon iataaaa fill as it a pears alter passing the rollers tt-t9, an it will he ohserved that at this point the surfacing ol waxy material fi'l' is not shown in the view, tor the reason that the waxy material has hecome ahsorhed into the hody ol the paper or wood constituting the rihhon, the ahsorption hemg tacilitated hy the warm condition ot the rihhon dtl which it preserves tor some time alter leaving thedrying chamber 55. Finally the tile-- hon as passing hetween the heam roller it and the spring loaded jockey roller it, shove the same, passes on to a stock drum 75, this drum being driven through a lightly slipping clutch which applies drive to it so that the strip 20 is held in very light tension, insucient to cause any inyury to the headed portion oil it when the cenvolutions are wound one ever the other as shown at its. The finished stock rihhon as wound on the stock roller is retained on that roller prelerahly tor several hours tor setting or aging purposes, helere slitting and packing. From the stock drum 75 the rihhon 20 comes to the tahle 77, The rihhon is shown hroken short in order to tacilitate explanation. From the tahle W the rihhon passes under the ruhher laced jockey roller it. This roller is in tloating hearings one at which is pivotally carried in its mountin at 79 whilst the ether is carried in a torlt guide Bil, a spring tl heing provided to prevent aceidental viloration oil the roller in work. The hearing arrangement descrihed has heen devised in order that the roller may he tipped upward to otter access to thestrip passing helow it to tacilitate adjustment and inspection The llaces at two sprocket roll ers t2 and 83 project up through slots in the tahle it, the sprocket centering and gauge heing identical with the teething on the l wheels previously descrihed. The sprocket wheels 8% and 83 are mounted through a ilriction clutch on a drive spindle 8t, 85 he ing a spring tor adjusting the clutch tension. lntermittent rotation is applied to the spindle t t hy a pawl coacting with a detent wheel lat fixed on it, said pawl heing carried on a rock arm lot which is connected hy a link led to an oscillating heam let. the its power end this heam is fitted with a cam striker i55 let heing a screw adjustment there'lor. ll cam ltil on the shalt the enacts with the striker l55 to apply an oscillation to the team let and con sequently a one-tooth advance movement to the sprocket rollers 8%83 tor each rotation oil the shatt the, The shalt the is driven as hy'a helt led, and is geared to a timing disc lfid and carries an eccentric thi through which a plunger M32 is operated. The plunger 16% acts tinder an arm lfiit which is link geared to a guillotine knile ltd, lfiii heing a pull spring acting to draw said knits down to cut the strip as it passes the hack ee lfifi ol the tahle 77, and the heing an ajnstahle tensioning device hy which the guillotine blade is caused to hear with the desired degree at pressure against the tahle edge to ensure clean cutting ot the strip. it check 169 on the arm 1% contacts with the periphery oil the timing disc lfitl near the hottom ot' the stroke ot the plunger 162, the parts heing proportioned so that the guillotine knile movement is thus arrested at part stroke except when the gap 170 is in contact relation, when lull stroke is peritted. Tn the part strokes the strip is slitted with the appropriate numbers of partings and at the tall stroke the slitted engths are cut oil, in fives, sixes, sevens or other convenient units as desired, as shown in Fig. 2. The slits do not extend the Whole width ot the strip, hut leave a selvge ill to term a binding stuh. The emhossments may he rolled out in the final steps of the process so as to leave the lower parts ot the match stems quite fiat as they are shown in Fig. 2. AS the waxy or greasy surfaced material permeates the body at the rihhon when ahsorhed into it so as to extend right up to the tip ends of the matches, it acts to waterproot the heads and therehy protect them against damp, and as the hacks at the match strips are thus waxy they are lubricated to a slight extent, and therelore do not cause mechanical injury to the crownings or surfaces of the matches underlying them when they are packed in a satchet.

The emhossings it may correspond in centering with thecrowning emhossings t3 or they may he alternated therewith. They serve the douhle purpose ot providing a gripping means for the teed mechanism and or unitorming a slight extension in length along one side and consequent curvature which the strip 20 would snfie'r it the emhossments were applied along one edge of it only on the line t3" ln ll'ig. l is shown a receiving carrier tray ea located heyondthe end 166 of the table it? into which the cards 87 containing ltl matches or any other nnmher, (as shown in lFig. it) are delivered. The tray 98 is moved intermittently hy any suitahle mechanism driven in timed relation with the guillotine lfit serves to discharge 7 cards at matches to the packers. tlhviously hy altering the timing relation any other desired nuniher oil cards 87., oil matches may he delivered in hunches, thus 5, h, 8., 10 or any other nnmher.

'The igniting streak may he applied to the rihhon so as not to extend to the to edge of same and the crowning may he ettected hy spotting, or the streak may he carried to the top edge at the rihhon in Fig. t is shown a traentary sectional view ot a match rihhon in which the headttl tld

ltltl suring initial ignition in striking.

ing streak does'not extend to the top- 102 is fed through the apparatus during'the process 'by sprockets engaging in embossments such as 104 and 105 which are formed in the strip during the process of manufacture in the manner already described.

In Fig. 5 is shown a similar view where the streak 106 is carried up to the top edge 101 of the ribbon 102, and the crowning spots 107 are applied upon the streak 106 after drying has taken lace.

In Fig. 6 an alternative method of embossing the surfacing to crown it is disclosed. In this case the stock ribbon is spotted with any material to form nodules 130 at regular intervals. These nodules serve the same urpose as the embossments 43 shown in ear ier figures. After this preliminary spotting the stock ribbon is passed through the process of manufacture already desori ed. inwhich heading material is spread in asurfacing streak 131 along one side of it, this material, as explained with reference to Fig. 2, forming protuberances above the nodules 130 to form the crownings 132-on which dependence is placed for en- If the spotting material contains a vaporizing or burning substance having deodorant, perfuming, or other qualities, matches so made maybe utilized for deodorizing, perfuming, or other such purposes.

In Fig. 7 is shown an arrangement which is not by any means desirable but which is still possible in use. In this arrangement the stem ribbon 108 is embossed in the manner before described. and heading material is a pliedvupon one line of the embossments to: orm crowns 109 with rimmed portions 133 which do not spread to the side edges of the finished match. This arrangement is objectionable for the reason that whilst striking is facilitated by the crowning, ignition of the stem portion of the match is ditlicult because the ignited heading material does not extend to the match edges.

In Fig. 8 an arrangement is shown corresponding with the arrangement shown in Fig. 4 except that the spots 103 are in this case shown as prism shaped ots 110 applied' over the streak 111 of eading material.

In Fig. 9 the spotting is omitted, but the streak of heading material is applied so as to leave the top edge portion 113 standing up, above the neral surface 114 of the streak. This ri tinuous edge which is equivalent to an embossed or spotted crowning and serves the like purpose of facilitating the initiation of ignition by frictional contact of the match on the striker rubber. Matches headed in 113 forms in efi'ect a conthis way are'usually only satisfactory in use when struck on the side edge portion; otherwise there is a risk of flashing.

In Figs. 10 and 11, .views are shown of matches made according to this invention from wood slivers. The essential feature is here again the crowning of a surfacing of heading material which is applied to' one side only of the match-strip. The embossment of wood slivers in the manner already described with'reference to Figs. 1 to 1 is not practicable unless the edge of the ribbon of wood is first covered with a strip of paper. This is shown at 134, Fig. 10. This paper strip is applied in a preparatory stage of treatment by any convenient means, the paper being glued to the wood. It is found that when slivers carrying paper reinforcement are submitted to the embossing operation already described the embossments remain much as they do in the case of matches made of heavy paper, and a similar result is obtained, the matches produced corresponding with those illustrated in Fig. 2. In effect, this form of match is identical with the preferred form Fig. 2 except that the strips are wood backed.

An alternative method of producing wood sliver matches may, however, be practiced to procure a match stri slitting, as shown in ig. 11. In this case the to side edge of the wood sliver is first engrai ed or notched by passing the ribbon of the wood sliver 181 against a toothed wheel 182 which is heated by a gas flame 183 played upon it to bring it to a red-hot condition so that as the wood ribbon passes the teeth 184 of the wheel char one of its edges forming a notched or engrailed edge 185 the charring effect facilitates i ition of the wood stem when the match 1s struck. The engrailed edged wood ribbon is now headed with a streak 115 of heading composition in the manner before described. This composition when applied tends to spread upwards on the salient portions of the ends as shown at 116. Finally the tips are spotted by dipping as shown at 117. This spotting does not extend over the back of the match. In all cases it is desirable that the reverse side of the match should be clear of any igniting material. Otherwise there would be a risk of burning the fingers of the user in the striking operation.

After leaving the oven 52, the ribbon 20 passing over the table 26, goes below the hopper 120. This hopper is steam jacketed (121) and is provided with a plunger 122 adapted to reciprocate in the conical throat hole 123 in the bottom of the hopper. 124 is a cut-ofi plate for closing the exit hole 123. The top end of the plunger 122 is carried in a bearing 125 and is armed with a lift spring 126 to hold it u to the cam 127. 128 is a regulating check w ich is set to de- 112 ready for cross :ieeees semc to the ribbon pessing belovv, so thet the spot,'eccording to the plece ot its epplicetion, eppeers es'shovvn in Figs 4i end 5. By eltering the shops ot the plunger point end the shops ot the hole 123 the shepe ot top hit

the spotting is determined. Whet ll cleim es my invention end desire to secure byvlhetters Potent is:

l. hpperetns tor menutecturing flexible strip metches, comprising rolls vvith complementery sproclret teeth end indented teeth, seid rolls positioned respectively belenv end ebove e teble, end meens tor resiliently beering seid rollers egeinst e continuous stoclr strip end tor roteting them to teed the seine end to term embossments therein, e

hee't ieclreted hopper loceted ebove seid teble end edepted to contein metch heeding composition, e verieble vent in the toot et seid hopper end stirring meens vvithin it, once end striclrle guides belo'vv seid hopper toot edepted to control the epplicetion ot e street: ot bending composition flovved on the strip trom the hopper vent, en oven vvith heeting meens edepted ter drying the streelred strip, rolls norlring in contect vvith seid streelred strip etter it leeves the even, meens tor serving seid rolls continuously tvith hot vvexy meteriel, meens tor drevving seid strip trom seid lest-mentioned rolls, end meens tor slitting it trensversely to term individnel heeded metch strips.

929.. in epperetus tor menutecturing flexible strip metches, meens serielly disposed tor embossing e stoclr strip et ciose intervets neer one edge ot it to term crowns thereon, meens tor epplying e streeh et liquid bending composition elong one side ot seid strip ever the line et seid embossments, meens tor drying seid streelt, meens tor epplying vvexy meteriel to seid strip h love the streelr ot heeding meteriel thereon, end meens tor slitting seid strip trons versely between the embossments thereon to term individuel metch strips;

it. in epperetus tor menntectuiing liexi bio strip'metcbes, meens serielly disposed tor epplying e nerrovr streelr et bending composition elong one side ot e steelr strip, meens tor drying seid streelr, menus tor ep plying spots ot heeding composition elong eeid streeir et close intervels, meens tor epplying hot rvex to mid strip beletr seid etreelr, end meens tor Mtting seid strip trensversely intermediete the spettings to term inelividuei metch strips t. hpperetus eccerding to cleim 3 Where.

in the spotting device, the drying device, the streehing device, end the vvexing device ere errenged in the seriel order herein steted.

5. in the herein described epperetus tor menutecturing flexible strip metches, e bending composition streehing device edepted tor epplying e ridged streeh ot heeding composition to the stock strip, end en edjusteble striclrler gete on the trout portion ot the device tor reguleting the thickness ot the composition deposited by this device.

ii. in the menutecture ot flexible strip metches, meens herein described tor snrtecin'g end crovvning the strip heeds vvhich consists in embossin t e stoclr strip et intervels betore it is divided trensversely to term metches end teeding the embossed strip With the selient surtece upvverd under e hopper vent titted with e striclder gete end geuge, trom which heedin'g composition is censed to flovv onto seid strip so es to epplythere to e continuous street: ot composition ot required thiclrness covering end surrounding the embossments thereon,

it. in the menutecture ot strip metches trom e continuous strip ot peper or wood veneer steclr, the herein described process ot embossing seid strip et unitorm intervels to term protuberences in e snrtecin ot heeding composition thereetter epplied to the seine, end utilising seid embossments to be engeged by driver sproclrets in teed mechenism, thereby to ensure the registering ot seid protuberences midvvey ot cutters b Which the heeded ribbon is trensversely slitted to term individnei metch stri s,

t. in the menntecture ot flexib e strip metches, the process herein described tor surtecing end crowning the bonds, which consists in embossing e stools strip et intervels betore it is divided trensversely' to term metches end tending the embossed strip with the selient surtece npvverd under e hopper epout trom Which bending composition is censed to flee onto seid strip so es to epply thereto e continuous streelr ot seid compost tion to cover end surround the embossments thereon t. it process et menutecturing metches which consists in treeting vvith ember quenching meteriel, upvverdly" embossing seid peper strip et intervels neer one edge thereot, fleeing onto one side et seid peper e continuous streelr ot trictionelly ignitihle meteriei covering the embossme'nte hosting end drying the treeted strip, epplying melted vvex to mid strip end slit ting it trensversely mid'n ey betvveen seid embessments but so es to ieeve en nnslitted stub bindingedge,

iii, in the menutectnre ot flexible strip mete-hes, the process herein described tor surtecing erotvning the strip heede which consists in embossing e stoch ribbon e ribbon ot peper at intervals before it is divided transversely toform said strips and flowing heading composition onto said ribbon so as to apply thereto a continuous streak of said composi- 5 tion covering and surrounding the embossments thereon. v

: 11. In the manufacture of stri matches fromiwood veneer the herein described-procass of tapering the match strip ends which consists in moving the stock ribbon of v,e- 10 neer before headin it, with one of its ed in contact with act spur wheel, wher the strip edge is dentated and charred. In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

JOHN GLEN NEWMAN. 

